Specific Learning Difficulties (SpLDs) adversely affect the ability of a person to acquire, process and retain information. They can therefore manifest in a number of different forms, and range from mild to severe. In school, a student may notice a number of different things but most typically struggle with literacy skills, organisation and taking information on board when it is presented in a particular way. Having difficulties in certain subjects and/or with certain skills does not necessarily indicate a SpLD, but, where a diagnosis is made, it usually falls into one of the below. For further information regarding teaching students with a SpLD please click here.
Specific Learning Support
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is the most commonly diagnosed SpLD and is often hereditary. The most visible signs of Dyslexia are problems with reading and spelling; however, it also affects working memory and processing, leading to difficulties with information retrieval, sequencing and organisation.
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Dyscalculia
Dyscalculia has many similarities to Dyslexia but instead of struggling with literacy, a student will seem to lack number sense and the ability to grasp maths concepts. This presents as unusual difficulties in maths and understanding the logic behind it.
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD / ADHD)
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (and also Attention Deficit Disorder) often coexists with other SpLDs, such as Dyslexia. It is characterised by inattentiveness, hyperactivity and impulsivity which can make settling to tasks, organisation and working as part of a group a challenge.
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Dyspraxia / Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)
Dyspraxia is a form of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) affecting fine and/or gross motor skills. It specifically refers to individuals who have difficulties planning, organising and carrying out actions sequentially and often coexists with another SpLD. It can also impact upon articulation and speech, perception and thought, personal organisation and time-management.
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Asperger’s Syndrome and Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Students diagnosed with Asperger’s Syndrome will often have a higher than average IQ but, as is symptomatic of Autistic Spectrum Disorders, find it difficult to relate to others and navigate differing environments. Consequently, these pupils are at times observed as anxious and/or introverted, as having obsessive tendencies and as finding communication difficult.
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